Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) is a unfavorable sense ssRNA virus belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus within the household Tospoviridae. It was first found in Australia, after which reported in different places together with Thailand, China, India, Greece, and United States (Zheng et al.2011; Melzer et al.2014; Chrysoula et al. 2018; Abudurexiti et al. 2019).
CaCV infects crops of the households Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae (Basavaraj et al. 2017; Basavaraj et al. 2020). Chromolaena odorata L. (generally often called Feiji cao in China) is an invasive weedy herb that belongs to the genus Eupatorium (household Asteraceae), and is native to Central America.
In Might 2020, serrated chlorotic ring and chlorotic ringspots resembling signs of orthotospovirus an infection (Supplementary Determine 1) was noticed on the leaves of C. odorata crops in Honghe County, Yunnan.
Three symptomatic leaf samples had been collected and double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was carried out utilizing antisera concentrating on Tomato noticed wilt virus (TSWV), Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), and Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) (Proteintech Group, Inc., China).
Buffer resolution and wholesome leaves had been used as a clean and unfavorable controls, respectively. All three symptomatic samples confirmed constructive reactions with solely CaCV antiserum (OD450 of 0.315-0.345 relative to 0.078 and 0.076 for wholesome crops and the clean management, respectively.
The entire RNA extracted from the constructive samples had been additional analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain response (RT-PCR) utilizing generic primers gL3637 (CCTTTAACAGTDGAAACAT) and gL4435c (CATDGCRCAAGARTGRTARACAGA) which had been designed to amplify partial L section encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of orthotospoviruses (Chu, et al. 2001).
The anticipated ~800 bp DNA fragment was amplified from all three constructive samples by RT-PCR. The amplified DNA was cloned and sequenced. BLAST search of the partial L RNA sequence (GenBank acc. nos. MW964378 to MW964380) revealed that they shared 86.2-97.4% nucleotide (nt) and 97.2-100% amino acid (aa) sequence identities with totally different isolates of CaCV obtainable in GenBank with CaCV chili isolates (KU941834 to KU941836) from India sharing the very best aa identification of 100%.
This confirmed the presence of CaCV within the symptomatic C. odorata crops. The 825 bp full nucleocapsid protein (NP) of CaCV was additionally amplified from the samples utilizing primers CaCV-F: ATGTCTAMCGTYAGGCAAC and CaCV-R: TYACACYTCWATAGAWGTACTAG) (Basavaraj et al. 2020), cloned, and sequenced to acquire full S fragment-nucleocapsid protein (NP) with a measurement of 825 bp (MW964381 to MW964383).
The pairwise comparisons of three fragments confirmed 85.1-98.3% nt and 87.6-99.6% aa sequence identities with totally different isolates of CaCV. Most-Chance phylogenetic timber inferred from the partial RdRP and full NP aa sequences confirmed that the C. odorata isolates (CaCV-YN) clustered intently with CaCV tomato isolate from Taiwan and tomato (Yuxi-2013) isolate from China, respectively (Supplementary Determine 1).
To our information, that is the primary time CaCV has been detected in C. odorata. This examine will function an necessary reference for the examine of host vary of CaCV. Additional research shall be required to find out whether or not thrips may transmit CaCV between C. odorata and different hosts of the virus.
Administration of adrenocortical carcinoma: are we making progress?
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a uncommon malignancy characterised by aggressive biology and potential endocrine exercise. Surgical procedure can provide treatment for localized illness however greater than half of sufferers relapse and first unresectable or metastasized illness is frequent.
Prognosis of metastatic ACC remains to be restricted, with lower than 15% of sufferers alive at 5 years. Latest advances in understanding the molecular profile of ACC underline the excessive complexity of this illness, which is characterised by restricted drugable molecular targets in addition to by a posh interaction between a but scarcely understood microenvironment and potential endocrine exercise.
Notably steroid-excess additional complicates therapeutic ideas similar to immunotherapy, which have markedly improved consequence in different illness entities. So far, mitotane stays the one permitted drug for adjuvant and palliative care in ACC.
Commonplace chemotherapy-based protocols with cisplatin, doxorubicin and etoposide provide solely marginal enchancment in long-term consequence and the variety of scientific trials performed is low as a result of rarity of the illness.
Within the present evaluation, we summarize ideas of oncological administration for ACC from localized to superior illness and focus on novel therapeutic methods, together with focused therapies similar to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibodies, immunotherapy with a concentrate on checkpoint inhibitors, individualized remedy ideas primarily based on molecular characterization by subsequent technology sequencing strategies, the position of theranostics and evolvement of adjuvant remedy.
A Novel off-the-Shelf Trastuzumab-Armed NK Cell Remedy (ACE1702) Utilizing Antibody-Cell-Conjugation Know-how
Pure killer (NK) cells harbor environment friendly cytotoxicity in opposition to tumor cells with out inflicting life-threatening cytokine launch syndrome (CRS) or graft-versus-host illness (GvHD).
When in comparison with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expertise, Antibody-Cell Conjugation (ACC) expertise has been developed to offer an environment friendly platform to arm immune cells with cancer-targeting antibodies to acknowledge and assault most cancers cells.
Just lately, we established an endogenous CD16-expressing oNK cell line (oNK) with a positive expression sample of NK activation/inhibitory receptors. On this examine, we utilized ACC platform to conjugate oNK with trastuzumab and an anti-human epidermal progress issue receptor 2 (HER2) antibody.
Trastuzumab-conjugated oNK, ACE-oNK-HER2, executed in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity in opposition to HER2-expressing most cancers cells and confirmed enhanced T cell-recruiting functionality and secretion of IFNγ.
The irradiated and cryopreserved ACE-oNK-HER2, designated as ACE1702, retained superior HER2-specific in vitro and in vivo efficiency with no tumorigenic potential. In conclusion, this examine gives the proof to assist the potential scientific software of ACE1702 as a novel off-the-shelf NK cell remedy in opposition to HER2-expressing stable tumors.
AMP-activated protein kinase is concerned in hormone-induced mouse oocyte meiotic maturation in vitro.
We’ve beforehand proven that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can induce the resumption of meiosis in mouse oocytes maintained in meiotic arrest in vitro. The current examine was carried out to find out whether or not AMPK activation is concerned in hormone-induced maturation.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the EGF-like peptide, amphiregulin (AR), are potent inducers of maturation in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO). Inside Three h of FSH remedy, phospho-acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) ranges had been elevated in germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes when in comparison with non-stimulated controls and remained elevated all through 9 h of tradition, indicating AMPK activation.
An analogous response to AR was noticed after 6 h of tradition. Utilizing anti-PT172 antibody (binds solely to activated AMPK), Western evaluation demonstrated energetic AMPK in each FSH- or AR-treated GV-stage oocytes inside 6 h.
The AMPK inhibitors, compound C and adenine 9-beta-d-arabinofuranoside (araA), blocked FSH- or AR-induced meiotic resumption and ACC phosphorylation, additional supporting a causal position for AMPK in hormone-induced meiotic resumption.
Immunocytochemistry utilizing anti-PT172-AMPK antibody confirmed an elevated diffuse cytoplasmic staining and extra intense punctate staining within the germinal vesicles of oocytes following remedy with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or with FSH or AR, and this staining was eradicated by compound C or a blocking peptide for the anti-PT172 antibody.
Staining of oocytes from hCG-stimulated mice with the anti-PT172 antibody additionally confirmed pronounced label within the germinal vesicles inside 1-2 h. Moreover, in oocytes from all teams, energetic AMPK was all the time noticed in affiliation with the condensed chromosomes of maturing oocytes. Taken collectively, these outcomes assist a job for AMPK in FSH and AR-induced maturation in vitro and hCG-induced maturation in vivo.
The Immunotherapy Panorama in Adrenocortical Most cancers
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a uncommon most cancers of the adrenal gland that’s ceaselessly related to extra manufacturing of adrenal hormones. Though surgical resection could also be healing in early-stage illness, few efficient therapeutic choices exist within the inoperable superior or metastatic setting.
Immunotherapies, inclusive of a broad array of immune-activating and immune-modulating antineoplastic brokers, have demonstrated scientific profit in a variety of stable and hematologic malignancies. Because of the broad exercise throughout a number of most cancers varieties, there may be important curiosity in testing these brokers in uncommon tumors, together with ACC.
A number of scientific trials evaluating immunotherapies for the remedy of ACC have been performed, and lots of extra are ongoing or deliberate. Immunotherapies which have been evaluated in scientific trials for ACC embrace the immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and avelumab.
Different immunotherapies which have been evaluated embrace the monoclonal antibodies figitumumab and cixutumumab directed in opposition to the ACC-expressed insulin-like progress issue 1 (IGF-1) receptor, the recombinant cytotoxin interleukin-13-pseudomonas exotoxin A, and autologous tumor lysate dendritic cell vaccine.
ACC Antibody / Acetyl CoA Carboxylase |
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| R20259-0.1ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ul | EUR 347.65 |
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Description: This recombinant ACC antibody reacts to human Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1. It may also react with the mouse and rat protein, as predicted by immunogen homology. |
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ACC Antibody (pS79) / Acetyl CoA Carboxylase |
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| R20287-0.1ML | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ul | EUR 347.65 |
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Description: This recombinant phospho-ACC antibody reacts to human Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC1) only when phosphorylated at Ser79. There is no cross-reactivity to Acetyl CoA Carboxylase without phosphorylation at Ser79. |
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ACC? (phospho Ser80) Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES1467-100ul | ELK Biotech | 100ul | EUR 334.8 |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against ACC? (phospho Ser80) from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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ACC? (phospho Ser80) Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES1467-50ul | ELK Biotech | 50ul | EUR 248.4 |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against ACC? (phospho Ser80) from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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ACC? (phospho Ser80) Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES5738-100ul | ELK Biotech | 100ul | EUR 334.8 |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against ACC? (phospho Ser80) from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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ACC? (phospho Ser80) Polyclonal Antibody |
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| ES5738-50ul | ELK Biotech | 50ul | EUR 248.4 |
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Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against ACC? (phospho Ser80) from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, WB, ELISA |
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ACC Synthase Like Protein 1 (PHACS) Antibody |
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| abx236369-100ug | Abbexa | 100 ug | EUR 577.2 |
ACC Synthase Like Protein 1 (PHACS) Antibody |
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| 20-abx141401 | Abbexa |
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ACACA Antibody / ACC / Acetyl CoA Carboxylase 1 |
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| RQ7316 | NSJ Bioreagents | 100ug | EUR 419 |
Polyclonal Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / ACC Antibody (C-Terminus) |
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| APG01482G | Leading Biology | 0.05ml | EUR 580.8 |
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Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / ACC (C-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications: |
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Anti-ACC alpha Antibody |
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| A01802 | BosterBio | 100ul | EUR 476.4 |
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Description: Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for ACC alpha Antibody (ACACA) detection.tested for WB in Human, Mouse, Rat. |
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Acc I unit: 80 |
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| YRACC1 | Yeastern Biotech | 1 vial | Ask for price |
Acc II unit: 70 |
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| YRACC2 | Yeastern Biotech | 1 vial | Ask for price |
Acc III unit: 25 |
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| YRACC3 | Yeastern Biotech | 1 vial | Ask for price |
Rat ACC ELISA Kit |
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| ERA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Goat ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EGTA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Mouse ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EMA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Sheep ACC ELISA Kit |
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| ESA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
ACC ELISA KIT|Human |
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| EF000318 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 826.8 |
Human ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EHA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Monkey ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EMKA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Rabbit ACC ELISA Kit |
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| ERTA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Bovine ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EBA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Canine ACC ELISA Kit |
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| ECA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Porcine ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EPA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Chicken ACC ELISA Kit |
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| ECKA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
Anserini ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EAA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
ACC alpha Blocking Peptide |
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| 20-abx062002 | Abbexa |
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Guinea Pig ACC ELISA Kit |
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| EGA0920 | Abclonal | 96Tests | EUR 625.2 |
ACC, FLAG-Tag (Candida albicans) |
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| 100104 | BPS Bioscience | 10 µg | EUR 515 |
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Description: Candida albicans ACC, also known as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, GenBank Accession No. XM_713531, amino acids 1-2271 (end) with Cterminal FLAG-tag, expressed in Baculovirus infected Sf9 cell expression system. MW = 255 kDa |
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ACC alpha (pS80) Blocking Peptide |
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| 20-abx161247 | Abbexa |
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ACC alpha (pS80) Blocking Peptide |
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| 20-abx162083 | Abbexa |
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Mouse Phosphorylated (ACC) Elisa Kit |
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| QY-E21671 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | EUR 448.8 |
Rabbit Anti-Rat Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-2 (ACC-2) antiserum |
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| ACC21-S | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ul | EUR 548.4 |
Rabbit Anti-Human Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-1 (ACC-1) antiserum |
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| ACC11-S | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ul | EUR 548.4 |
Nori® Goose ACC ELISA Kit |
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| GR173010 | Genorise Scientific | 96-well | EUR 461 |
FAME Calib Sample 0.5% acc EN14078 |
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| REFAMECAL0.5V2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 99.23 |
These brokers have proven modest scientific exercise, though nonzero within the case of the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Medical trials are ongoing to guage whether or not this scientific exercise could also be augmented by means of combos with different immune-acting brokers or focused therapies.
