Vitis vinifera (grape) comprises varied compounds with acknowledged phytochemical and pharmacological properties. Among the many completely different components of the plant, pomace is of specific curiosity as a winemaking trade by-product.
A characterization of the water extract from grape pomace from Montepulciano d’Abruzzo selection (Villamagna doc) was carried out, and the bioactive phenolic compounds have been quantified by means of HPLC-DAD-MS evaluation.
HypoE22, a hypothalamic cell line, was challenged with an oxidative stimulus and uncovered to completely different concentrations (1 µg/mL-1 mg/mL) of the pomace extract for 24, 48, and 72 h.
In the identical circumstances, cells have been uncovered to the only catechin, in a focus vary (5-500 ng/mL) in step with the catechin degree within the extract. Cell proliferation was investigated by MTT assay, dopamine launch by means of HPLC-EC technique, PGE2 quantity by an ELISA equipment, and expressions of neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic issue (BDNF) and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by RT-PCR.
The extract reverted the cytotoxicity exerted by the oxidative stimulus in any respect the experimental instances in a dose-dependent method, whereas the catechin was in a position to revert the oxidative stress-induced depletion of dopamine 48 h and 72 h after the stimulus.
The extract and the catechin have been additionally efficient in stopping the downregulation of BDNF and the concomitant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression.
In accordance, PGE2 launch was augmented by the oxidative stress circumstances and reverted by the administration of the water extract from grace pomace and catechin, which have been equally efficient.
These outcomes counsel that the neuroprotection induced by the extract could possibly be ascribed, albeit partially, to its catechin content material.
Forelimb Motor Expertise Deficits Following Thoracic Spinal Wire Damage: Underlying Dopaminergic and Neural Oscillatory Modifications in Rat Major Motor Cortex
The lack of spinal sensorimotor pathways following spinal wire harm (SCI) can induce retrograde neurodegeneration within the major motor cortex (M1). Nonetheless, the impact of thoracic SCI on forelimb motor expertise has not been studied clearly.
So, herein we aimed to look at the consequences of the thoracic SCI mannequin on forelimb motor expertise studying, parallel with dopaminergic and oscillatory modifications in hindlimb and forelimb areas (HLA and FLA) of M1 in rats.
Male Wistar rats have been randomly subjected to laminectomy (Management) or contusion SCI on the thoracic (T10) degree. Oscillatory exercise and motor expertise efficiency have been evaluated for six consecutive days utilizing native discipline potential (LFP) recording and expert forelimb reaching job, respectively.
Dopamine (DA) ranges and expression of dopamine receptors (D1R and D2R) have been decided in HLA and FLA by ELISA and western blotting. LFP recording outcomes confirmed a sustained improve of LFP energy in SCI rats in contrast with unhurt rats by means of expert reaching coaching.
Additionally, the SCI group had a decrease reaching efficiency and studying charge in distinction to the Management group. Biochemical evaluation of HLA and FLA confirmed a discount in DA ranges and expression of D1R and D2R after SCI.
In accordance with these findings, thoracic SCI causes aberrant modifications within the oscillatory exercise and dopaminergic system of M1, which aren’t restricted to HLA but in addition present in FLA accompanied by a deficit in forelimb motor expertise efficiency.
Neuroprotective Results of Salidroside on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Behavioral Impairment Includes the Dopaminergic System.
Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside, is the principle bioactive part of Rhodiola rosea L. Salidroside has distinguished anti-stroke results in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion fashions. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of its actions are poorly understood.
This examine examined the anti-stroke results of salidroside in center cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced rat mannequin of stroke and its potential mechanisms involving the dopaminergic system.
Salidroside administration elevated the degrees of dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and three,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) within the ipsilateral striatum after induction of transient ischemia, which have been assessed utilizing microdialysis with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD).
Moreover, remedy with salidroside ameliorated neurobehavioral impairment, assessed with the modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), the steadiness beam take a look at, and the foot fault take a look at.
Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) recommended that MCAO-induced discount in monoamine oxidase (MAO) was inhibited by salidroside. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses revealed excessive degree of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) within the ipsilateral striatal caudate putamen (CPu) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, which could possibly be additional elevated by salidroside.
As well as, salidroside may reverse the decreased immunoreactivity of TH within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc).
These outcomes counsel that the anti-stroke results of salidroside in MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion could contain the modulation of monoamine metabolism within the striatum and SNpc, which can be associated to the perform of the dopaminergic system within the rat mind.
Results of β-Phenylethylamine on Psychomotor, Rewarding, and Reinforcing Behaviors and Affective State: The Position of Dopamine D1 Receptors
Beta-phenylethylamine (β-PEA) is a well known and widespread endogenous neuroactive hint amine discovered all through the central nervous system in people. On this examine, we demonstrated the consequences of β-PEA on psychomotor, rewarding, and reinforcing behaviors and affective state utilizing the open-field take a look at, conditioned place desire (CPP), self-administration, and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) paradigms.
We additionally investigated the position of the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor within the behavioral results of β-PEA in rodents. Utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblotting, we additionally decided the DA focus and the DA-related protein ranges within the dorsal striatum of mice administered with acute β-PEA.
The outcomes confirmed that acute β-PEA elevated stereotypic behaviors equivalent to circling and head-twitching responses in mice. Within the CPP experiment, β-PEA elevated place desire in mice.
Within the self-administration take a look at, β-PEA considerably enhanced self-administration throughout a 2 h session beneath fastened ratio (FR) schedules (FR1 and FR3) and produced the next breakpoint throughout a 6 h session beneath progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement in rats.
As well as, acute β-PEA elevated 50-kHz USV calls in rats. Moreover, acute β-PEA administration elevated DA focus and p-DAT and TH expression within the dorsal striatum of mice. Lastly, pretreatment with SCH23390, a DA D1 receptor antagonist, attenuated β-PEA-induced circling habits and β-PEA-taking habits in rodents.
Human Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E01D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Human Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E01D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E06D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E06D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Goat Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E06D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E02D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E02D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rat Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E02D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rabbit Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E04D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rabbit Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E04D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Rabbit Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E04D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E08D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E08D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dog Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E08D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E03D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E03D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Mouse Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E03D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E07D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E07D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Pig Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E07D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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DA(Dopamine) ELISA Kit |
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| EU0392 | FN Test | 96T | EUR 571.5 |
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Description: Method of detection: Coated with Antigen, Competitive ELISA;Reacts with: General;Sensitivity: 0.938 ng/ml |
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Dopamine (DA) ELISA Kit |
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| 20-abx150336 | Abbexa |
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Dopamine (DA) ELISA Kit |
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| abx051435-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 801.6 |
Dopamine (DA) ELISA Kit |
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| abx574183-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 858 |
Dopamine (DA) ELISA Kit |
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| abx257130-96tests | Abbexa | 96 tests | EUR 801.6 |
Dopamine ELISA Kit (OKEH02560) |
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| OKEH02560 | Aviva Systems Biology | 96 Wells | EUR 1028.4 |
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Description: Description of target: In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. Most types of rewards increase the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine neuronal activity. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory._x000D__x000D_Outside the central nervous system, dopamine functions primarily as a local chemical messenger. In blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels, dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it.;Species reactivity: All;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Competitive ELISA;Sensitivity: 4.1 pg/mL |
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Dopamine ELISA Kit (OKCD02264) |
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| OKCD02264 | Aviva Systems Biology | 96 Wells | EUR 1123.2 |
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Description: Description of target: One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. Dopamine is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.;Species reactivity: Pan-Species;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Competitive Inhibition Immunoassay;Sensitivity: 4.71 pg/mL |
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Human dopamine ELISA Kit |
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| ELA-E0851h | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 988.8 |
Rat dopamine ELISA Kit |
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| ELA-E0851r | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 1063.2 |
Monkey Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E09D0043-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1524 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Monkey Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E09D0043-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 624 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Monkey Dopamine ELISA kit |
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| E09D0043-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 822 |
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Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Dopamine in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
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Dopamine (DA) ELISA Kit |
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| K4219-100 | Biovision | each | EUR 920.4 |
Dopamine [BSA] |
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| DAG3302 | Creative Diagnostics | 1mg | EUR 1326 |
Dopamine antibody |
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| 10-D40A | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 476.4 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal Dopamine antibody |
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Taken collectively, these findings counsel that β-PEA has rewarding and reinforcing results and psychoactive properties, which induce psychomotor behaviors and a constructive affective state by activating the DA D1 receptor within the dorsal striatum.
